Sprinkler irrigation system for tea frost protection and the application effect
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25165/ijabe.v9i5.1315Keywords:
sprinkler irrigation, frost protection, Camellia Sinensis L, application rate, temperature rise, frost damageAbstract
Abstract: A sprinkler irrigation system was designed and applied for a tea field to achieve frost protection through latent heat released when water turning into ice. Frost protection effects during night were tested at different irrigation application rates by monitoring air temperature around tea canopy (Tc). Temperature sensors were arranged at different distances from the sprinkler. The preliminary results showed that, when the sprinkler system worked continuously at the application rate of 2-4 mm/h before sunrise, tea canopy was covered with ice and Tc remained around 0°C, preventing tea plants from frost damage. But no more temperature rise was obviously observed at the application rates above 4 mm/h, which means less cost effectiveness. The system was stopped after sunrise when background air temperature rose back to 0°C and Tc increased by 2.2°C in one hour, while Tc of non-irrigated area increased by 4.8°C, which might cause thawing injuries to tea plants. The leaf surface temperature was lower than Tc, and the difference between the leaf surface temperature and Tc decreased with the increase of application rate. Therefore, the sprinkler irrigation system could achieve tea frost protection, and the recommended application rate was 2-4 mm/h for better protection effect. The system should keep running throughout frost night till half an hour after sunrise. The start and stop of the sprinkler irrigation system should be controlled based on Tc. Keywords: sprinkler irrigation, frost protection, Camellia Sinensis L, application rate, temperature rise, frost damage DOI: 10.3965/j.ijabe.20160905.1315 Citation: Hu Y G, Zhao C, Liu P F, Asante E A, Li P P. Sprinkler irrigation system for tea frost protection and the application effect. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2016; 9(5): 17－23.References
Mao K Q. Optimization design and performance test of wind machine blades for tea frost protection. Master Dissertation. Zhenjiang: Jiangsu University, 2013. (in Chinese)
Wu W Y, Hu Y G, Yang S, Mao K Q, Zhu X Y, Li P P. Optimal design of wind machine impeller for frost protection based on CFD and its field test on airflow disturbance. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 2015; 8(5): 43-49. doi: 10.3965/j.ijabe.20150805.1415.
Hu Y G, Liu S Z, Wu W Y, Wang J Z, Shen J W. Optimal flight parameters of unmanned helicopter for tea plantation frost protection. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 2015; 8(5): 50-57. doi: 10.3965/j.ijabe.20150805.1655.
Hu Y G, Wu W Y, De Melo-Abreu J P, Shapland T M, Zhang H, Snyder R L. Comparative experiments and effectiveness evaluation on vertical blowing fans (VBF) for frost protection. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 2015; 8(5): 36-42. doi: 10.3965/j.ijabe.20150805.1419.
Snyder R L, De Melo-Abreu J P. Frost protection: fundamentals, practice and economics-Volume I. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2005.
Horikawa T H. New frost protection method for tea farm with water frozen. Agricultural Technology Research, 1980; 38(8): 54-56. (in Japanese)
McGourty G, Smith R. Frost protection considerations. Cooperative Extension, University of California: Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 11 August, 2010.
Battany M C. The April 2011 Central Coast frost event. Grape Notes, University of California Cooperative Extension, 20 April, 2011; 33194: 1-4.
Kuroiwa I O. Frost protection for tea based on intermittent water spraying. Water and Soil, 1988; 72: 43-47. (in Japanese)
Oubashi M, Tomita M H, Koide S. Application and effect of sprinkler frost protection method for tea plants. Journal of the Agricultural Engineering Society, 1986; 54(12): 1087-1092. (in Japanese)
Ghaemi A A, Rafiee M R, Sepaskhah A R. Tree-temperature monitoring for frost protection of orchards in semi-arid regions using sprinkler irrigation. Agricultural Sciences in China, 2009; 8(1): 98-107. doi:10.1016/S1671-2927(09)60014-6.
Barfield B J, Walton L R, Lacey R E. Prediction of sprinkler rates for night-time radiation frost protection. Agricultural Meteorology, 1981; 24: 1-9. doi:10.1016/0002-1571(81)90029-7.
Anconelli S, Facini O, Marletto V. Micrometeorological test of microsprinklers for frost protection of fruit orchards in Northern Italy. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 2002; 27(27): 1103-1107. doi: 10.1016/S1474-7065(02)00146-8.
Issa R J. Numerical heat transfer model for frost protection of citrus fruits by water from a spraying system. Thermal Science, 2012; 16(1): 31-42. doi:10.2298/TSCI110331084I.
Parsons L R, Wheaton T A, Whitney J D. Low volume microsprinkler undertree irrigation for frost protection of young citrus trees. In: Proceedings of Florida State Horticultural Society, 1981. pp. 94: 55-59.
Zhang Y, Zeng X. Frost protection using sprinkler in nursery. Jilin Agricultural, 2011; 4: 226-232. (in Chinese)
Yu Y, Yang Y. Preliminary study in application effect of spraying frost protection system in vineyard. Gansu Agriculture, 2010; 9: 92-94. doi: 10.15979/j.cnki.cn62-1104/f.2010.09.017. (in Chinese)
Zhou S, Wang L. Technology for sprinkler engineering. Zhengzhou: The Yellow River Water Conservancy Press, 2011: 20-64. (in Chinese)
Wolfe J W. Sprinkling for frost protection. Special Report 280. Agricultural Experiment Station, Oregon State University, 1969.
Hammer P J C. An automatic sprinkler system giving variable irrigation rates matched to measured frost protection needs. Agricultural Meteorology, 1980; 21(4): 281-293.
Zhao J, Ren X. Technology for sprinkler engineering. Beijing: China Water Power Press, 1999. (in Chinese)
Selders A W. Frost protection with sprinkler irrigation. Agricultural Engineering. Cooperative Extension Service West Virginia University, 1970.
He W, Feng Y, Xia M. Influence of thawing rate on crop frost damage. Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorology, 1993; 4(4): 400-445. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Li S. Sprinklers used in sprinkler irrigation. Farm Machinery, 1999; 9: 28-29. doi: 10.16167/j.cnki.1000-9868.1999.09.012. (in Chinese)
Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Shizuoka Prefecture. Guideline of tea production. Shizuoka: Association of Agricultural Economy of Shizuoka Prefecture, 2003.
Zhu X, Ma P, Wang J. Analysis of climate reasons of tea frost damage in Rizhao. China Tea, 2008; 30(2): 28-29. (in Chinese)
Hu Y G, Lu Y Z, Lu J. Comparative proteomics analysis of tea leaves exposed to subzero temperature: Molecular mechanism of freeze injury. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 2013; 6(4): 27-34. doi: 10.3965/j.ijabe.20130604.004.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
IJABE is an international peer reviewed open access journal, adopting Creative Commons Copyright Notices as follows.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
