Optimization of slightly acidic electrolyzed water spray for airborne culturable bacteria reduction in animal housing

Zheng Weichao, Ni Li, Hui Xue, Li Baoming, Zhang Jiafa

Abstract


Slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) spray has been considered as a novel approach for airborne bacteria reduction in animal housing. This study aimed to optimize the operating parameters of SAEW spray based on the size distribution of sprayed aerosols, the available chlorine travelling loss in sprayed aerosols, and the reduction efficiency of airborne culturable bacteria (CB). The optimized operating parameters were the nozzle orifice diameter and the spray pressure. The size distribution characteristics of sprayed SAEW aerosols under different operating parameters were quantified. The pH and available chlorine concentrations of the original SAEW solution and the SAEW aerosols collected at 0 m, 0.25 m, 0.50 m, 0.75 m, and 1.00 m from the spray nozzle head were analyzed. A bioaerosol nebulizing generator was used to simulate animal housing environment in an environmentally-controlled chamber. Six SAEW spray trials under different operating parameters were conducted at a spray dosage of 80 mL/m2 in the chamber. Airborne CB concentrations before and after spray were measured to investigate the reduction efficiency of airborne CB. Dv(50), the volume-based diameter below which 50% of the particle being present, increased with the nozzle orifice diameter and decreased with the spray pressure. The travelling loss of available chlorine in the sprayed SAEW aerosols was greatly dependent on Dv(50). SAEW spray with medium size sprayed aerosols (Dv(50) = 86.62 μm, 67.94 μm, and 54.53 μm) showed significantly higher airborne CB reduction efficiencies than large (Dv(50)=121.80 μm and 96.00 μm) or small size aerosols (Dv(50) = 42.57 μm). The spray operating parameters that provide medium size sprayed aerosols (Dv(50) ~ 60-90 μm) are recommended for SAEW spray in animal housing.
Keywords: animal housing, bioaerosol, available chlorine, size distribution, air quality, poultry and livestock
DOI: 10.3965/j.ijabe.20160904.2366

Citation: Zheng W C, Ni L, Hui X, Li B M, Zhang J F. Optimization of slightly acidic electrolyzed water spray for airborne culturable bacteria reduction in animal housing. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2016; 9(4): 185－191.

Keywords


animal housing, bioaerosol, available chlorine, size distribution, air quality, poultry and livestock

Full Text:

PDF

References


Andersen C I, Von Essen S G, Smith L M, Spencer J, Jolie R, Donham K J. Respiratory symptoms and airway obstruction in swine veterinarians: A persistent problem. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 2004; 46(4): 386–392.

Singh J, Schwartz D A. Endotoxin and the lung: Insight into the host-environment interaction. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2005; 115(2): 330–333.

Nimmermark S, Lund V, Gustofasson G, Eduard W. Ammonia, dust and bacteria in welfare-oriented systems for laying hens. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 2009; 16(1): 103–113.

Gloster J, Alexandersen S. New directions: Airborne transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus. Atmospheric Environment, 2004; 38: 503–505.

Zhao Y, Aarnink A J A, Groot Koerkamp P W G, Hagenaars T J, Katsma W E A, de Jong M C M. Detection of airborne Campylobacter with three bioaerosol samplers for alarming bacteria transmission in broilers. Biological Engineering, 2011; 3(4): 177–186.

Zhao Y, Aarnink A J A, Cambra-Lopez M, Fabri T. Viral shedding and emission of airborne infectious bursal disease virus from a broiler room. British Poultry Science, 2013; 54(1): 87–95.

Zheng W, Kang R, Wang H, Li B, Xu C, Wang S. Airborne bacterial reduction by spraying slightly acidic electrolyzed water in a laying-hen house. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2013; 63(10): 1205–1211.

Hao X, Li B, Zhang Q, Lin B, Ge L, Wang C, et al. Disinfection effectiveness of slightly acidic electrolysed water in swine barns. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2013; 115(3): 703–710.

Zheng W, Zhao Y, Xin H, Gates R S, Li B, Zhang Y, et al. Airborne particulate matter and culturable bacteria reduction from spraying slightly acidic electrolyzed water in an experimental aviary laying-hen housing chamber. Transactions of the ASABE, 2014; 57(1): 229–236.

Hao X, Cao W, Li B, Zhang Q, Wang C, Ge L. Slightly acidic electrolyzed water for reducing airborne microorganisms in a layer breeding house. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2014; 64(4): 494–500.

Koide S, Takeda J-I, Shi J, Shono H, Atungulu G G. Disinfection efficacy of slightly acidic electrolyzed water on fresh cut cabbage. Food Control, 2009; 20(3): 294–297.

Quan Y, Choi K D, Chung D, Shin I S. Evaluation of bactericidal activity of weakly acidic electrolyzed water (WAEW) against Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2010; 136(3): 255–260.

Cao W, Zhu Z, Shi Z, Wang C, Li B. Efficiency of slightly acidic electrolyzed water for inactivation of Salmonella enteritidis and its contaminated shell eggs. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2009; 130(2): 88–93.

Zheng W, Cao W, Li B, Hao X, Ni L, Wang C. Bactericidal activity of slightly acidic electrolyzed water produced by different methods analyzed with ultraviolet spectrophotometric. International Journal of Food Engineering, 2012; 8(3): Article 41.

Nuyttens D, Baetens K, De Schampheleire M, Sonck B. Effect of nozzle type, size and pressure on spray droplet characteristics. Biosystems Engineering, 2007; 97(3): 333–345.

Hadlocon L S, Manuzon R B, Zhao L Y. Optimization of ammonia absorption using acid spray wet scrubbers. Transactions of the ASABE, 2014; 57(2): 647–659.

Zhao Y, Xin H, Zhao D, Zheng W, Tian W, Ma H, et al. Free chlorine loss during spraying of membraneless acidic electrolyzed water and its antimicrobial effect on airborne bacteria from poultry house. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 2014; 21(2): 249–255.

Zhao Y, Aarnink A J A, de Jong M C M, Ogink N W M, Groot Koerkamp P W G. Effectiveness of multi-stage scrubbers in reducing emissions of air pollutants from pig houses. Transactions of the ASABE, 2011; 54(1): 285–293.

Lai H T L, Aarnink A J A, Cambra-López M, Huynh T T T, Parmentier H K, Groot Koerkamp P W G. Airborne particles in animal houses. St. Joseph, Mich.: ASABE, 2012; Paper No. ILES121769.

Zheng W, Zhao Y, Xin H, Li B, Gates R S, Zhang Y, et al. Concentrations and size distributions of airborne particulate matter and bacteria in an experimental aviary laying-hen chamber. Transactions of the ASABE, 2013; 56(6): 1493– 1501.

Wang-Li L, Cao Z, Li Q, Liu Z, Beasley D B. Concentration and particle size distribution of particulate matter inside tunnel-ventilated high-rise layer operation houses. Atmospheric Environment, 2013; 66: 8–16.




Copyright (c)



2023-2026 Copyright IJABE Editing and Publishing Office