Mechanism of water savings and pollution reduction in paddy fields of three typical areas in southern China

Menghua Xiao, Yuanyuan Li, Yi Jia, Jianwen Wang

Abstract


Field irrigation and drainage regulation and fertilization application could affect water utilization and pollution transportation in a paddy field. In this study, representative rice-producing areas of Zhejiang Province in southern China were selected to study the effects of different field water level control (conventional irrigation and drainage W0, controlled irrigation and drainage W1 and W2) and different fertilization methods (2 times of fertilization F2 and three times of fertilization F3) on water irrigation quantity and consumption of rice, rice growth, water utilization, and pollution reduction. Results showed that field water level control had a great effect on irrigation quota in growing period rather than that in soaking period, and irrigation quota for W0 was 37.0%-71.7% higher than that for W1 and W2 in the whole growth period of rice. Although the upper limit of rain storage was greatly increased by W1 and W2, on the contrary, the yield under W1 and W2 was 0.4%-2.1% higher than that under W0. Water consumption, water leakage, and evapotranspiration were 16.63%-34.40%, 39.97%-60.80%, and 9.40%-31.53% lower under W1 and W2 than those under W0, respectively, while it showed no significant changes under W1 and W2. Rainfall use rate and WUEI (water use efficiency of irrigation) under W1 and W2 had been significantly improved by 8.20%-129.58% and 31.58%-201.61% compared to W0. The contribution of nitrogen and phosphorus loss from surface water accounted for 90% and the total pollution load of total nitrogen (TN), NO3−-N, NH4+-N and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were 20.0%-63.4%, 21.8%-66.3%, 21.5%-63.8%, and 21.4%-46.5% lower for W1 and W2 than that for W0, respectively. Meanwhile, compared to F2, dispersed fertilization (F3) was beneficial to increase the yield and decrease pollutant load. Additionally, the path of IRA→NH4+-N→COD and IRA→WCA→WUEI presented partial remediation effect, and the effect size was 23.6% and 38.1%, respectively, the path of IRA→WUEI→WUEET presented a full remediation effect, and the path of IRA→WCA→WUEET presented suppression effect.
Keywords: controlled irrigation and drainage, water consumption, water use efficiency, non-point source pollution, structural equation mode
DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20221501.6092

Citation: Xiao M H, Li Y Y, Jia Y, Wang J W. Mechanism of water savings and pollution reduction in paddy fields of three typical areas in southern China. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2022; 15(1): 199–207.

Keywords


controlled irrigation and drainage, water consumption, water use efficiency, non-point source pollution, structural equation mode

Full Text:

PDF

References


Wang W, Yu Z, Wei Z, Shao Q, Xu J. Responses of rice yield, irrigation water requirement and water use efficiency to climate change in china: historical simulation and future projections. Agricultural Water Management, 2014; 146: 249–261.

Guo Y, Shen Y. Agricultural water supply/demand changes under projected future climate change in the arid region of northwestern China. Journal of Hydrology, 2016; 540: 257–273.

He Y, Zhang J, Yang S, Hong D, Xu J. Effect of controlled drainage on nitrogen losses from controlled irrigation paddy fields through subsurface drainage and ammonia volatilization after fertilization. Agricultural Water Management, 2019; 221: 231–237.

Aryal N, Reba M L. Transport and transformation of nutrients and sediment in two agricultural watersheds in Northeast Arkansas. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2017; 236: 30–42

Hoseinian Y, Bahmanyar M A, Sadegh-Zade F, Emadi M, Biparva P. Effects of different sources of silicon and irrigation regime on rice yield components and silicon dynamics in the plant and soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 2020; 43(15): 2322–2335.

Darzi-Naftchali A, Ritzema H, Karandish F, Mokhtassi-Bidgoli A, Ghasemi-Nas M. Alternate wetting and drying for different subsurface drainage systems to improve paddy yield and water productivity in Iran. Agricultural Water Management, 2017; 193: 221–231.

Hu Q, Yang Y, Han S, Yang Y, Ai Z, Wang J, et al. Identifying changes in irrigation return flow with gradually intensified water-saving technology using hydrus for regional water resources management. Agricultural Water Management, 2017; 194: 33–47.

Xiao M H, Li Y Y, Wang J W, Hu X J, Wang J W, Miao Z M. Study on the law of nitrogen transfer and conversion and use of fertilizer nitrogen in paddy fields under water-saving irrigation mode. Water, 2019; 11(2): 218. doi: 10.3390/w11020218.

Tan X, Shao D, Liu H, Yang F, Xiao C, Yang H. Effects of alternate

wetting and drying irrigation on percolation and nitrogen leaching in paddy fields. Paddy and Water Environment, 2013; 11(1): 381–395.

Martini L, Mezzomo R F, Avila L, Massey J H, Marchesan E, Zanella R, et al. Imazethapyr and imazapic runoff under continuous and intermittent irrigation of paddy rice. Agricultural Water Management, 2013; 125: 26–34.

Guo X, Huang S, Wang Z, Wang F, Chen B. Impact of different irrigation methods on resistance of rice against bending and breaking. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2017; 36(5): 1–5.

Guo X, Yuan J, Guo F, Chen Z. Preliminary study on water-catching and controlled irrigation technology of rice. Transactions of the CSAE, 2009; 25(4): 70–73. (in Chinese)

Qiu C, Shao C, Guan X, Qian Y, Chen J, Zhang T, et al. Effects of water-saving irrigation on farmland ecology and water and fertilizer utilization in double cropping late rice. Acta Agriculturae Bireali-occidentails Sinica, 2018; 27(4): 509–517.

Li Y Y, Wen T, Zhu G X, Shao X H. Water and fertilizer utilization and characteristics of rice root growth under rain-water storage irrigation. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2020; 23(1): 7–14.

Omer A R, Czarnecki J, Baker B H, Hogue J A. Characterizing nitrogen outflow from pre-harvest rice field drain events. Agricultural Water Management, 2016; 165: 44–49.

Gao S K. Effect of different controlled irrigation and drainage regimes on crop growth and water use in paddy rice. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 2018; 20(3): 486–492.

Shao G C, Deng S, Liu N, Yu S E, Wang M H, She D L. Effects of controlled irrigation and drainage on growth, grain yield and water use in paddy rice. European Journal of Agronomy, 2014; 53: 1–9.

Xiao M H, Yu S E, She D L, Hu X J, Chu L L. Nitrogen and phosphorus loss and optimal drainage time of paddy field under controlled drainage condition. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2015; 8: 4411–4420.

Kröger R, Cooper C M, Moore M T. A preliminary study of an alternative controlled drainage strategy in surface drainage ditches: Low-grade weirs. Agricultural Water Management, 2008; 95(6): 678–684.

State Environmental Protection Administration of China. Water and wastewater monitoring analysis method (The Fourth Edition). Beijing: China Environmental Science Press, 2002; 784p.

Won J G, Choi J S, Lee S P, Son S H, Chung S O. Water saving by shallow intermittent irrigation and growth of rice. Plant Production Science, 2005; 8(4): 487–492.

Le X Q, Tinh N V, Matsuda S, Kadota K, Seiichiro Y. Effect of organizational paddy water management by a water user group on methane and nitrous oxide emissions and rice yield in the Red River Delta, Vietnam. Agricultural Water Management, 2019; 217: 179–192.

Yuan S, Peng S, Li T. Evaluation and application of the oryza rice model under different crop managements with high-yielding rice cultivars in central China. Field Crops Research, 2017; 212: 115–125.

Wang W G, Peng S Z, Sun F C, Xing W Q, Xu J Z. Spatiotemporal variations of rice irrigation water requirements in the mid-lower reaches of Yangtze River under changing climate. Advances in Water Science, 2012; 23(5): 656–664. (in Chinese)

Peng S Z, Ai L K, He Y P, Zhang J G, Yang S H. Effect of irrigation and drainage coupling management on rice water requirement. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2014; 45(3): 320–325. (in Chinese)

Xiao M H, Yu S E, Zhang Y L. Changes of nitrogen concentration for surface and groundwater in flooding paddy field under controlled drainage. Transactions of the CSAE, 2011; 27(10): 180–186. (in Chinese)

Selonen V, Helle S, Laaksonen T. Identifying the paths of climate effects on population dynamics: dynamic and multilevel structural equation model around the annual cycle. Oecologia, 2021; 195(2): 525–538.




Copyright (c) 2022 International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

2023-2026 Copyright IJABE Editing and Publishing Office