Spatial distribution visualization of PWM continuous variable-rate spray

Deng Wei, Yanbo Huang, Zhao Chunjiang, Wang Xiu, Liu Jinglong

Abstract


Abstract: Pesticide application is a dynamic spatial distribution process, in which spray liquid should be able to cover the targets with desired thickness and uniformity. Therefore, it is important to study the 2-D and 3-D (dimensional) spray distribution to evaluate spraying quality. The curve-surface generation methods in Excel were used to establish 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D graphics of variable-rate spray distribution in order to characterize the space distribution of the variable-rate spray. The 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D distribution graphs of Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM)-based continuous variable-rate spray were developed to provide a tool to analyze the distribution characteristics of the spray. The 1-D graph showed that the spray distribution concentrated toward the center of the spray field with the decreased flow-rate. The 2-D graph showed that the spray distribution always spread as the shape of Normal Probability Distribution with the change of the flow-rate. The 3-D graph showed that the spray distribution tended to be uniform when the sprayer travelled forward at the appropriate speed. This study indicated that the visualization method could be directly used for analysis and comparison of different variable-rate spray distributions from different experimental conditions and measuring methods.
Keywords: spray distribution, pulse width modulation (PWM), variable-rate spray, distribution visualization
DOI: 10.3965/j.ijabe.20130604.001

Citation: Deng W, Huang Y B, Zhao C J, Wang X, Liu J L. Spatial distribution visualization of PWM continuous variable-rate spray. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2013; 6(4): 1－8.

Keywords


spray distribution, pulse width modulation (PWM), variable-rate spray, distribution visualization

Full Text:

PDF

References


He X K. Improving severe draggling actuality of plant protection machinery and its application techniques. Transactions of the CSAE, 2004; 20(1): 13-15. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Alvin R W, Quy D B. Development of a variable flow rate fan spray nozzle for precision chemical application. Report in ASAE Annual International Meeting, Sancramento, California, USA, 2001.

Sudduth K A, Borgelt S C, Hou J. Performance of a chemical injection sprayer system. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 1995; 11(3): 343-348.

Rockwell A D, Ayers P D. A variable rate direct nozzle injection field sprayer. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 1996; 12(5): 531-538.

Schueller J K. A review and integrating analysis of spatially- variable control of crop production. Fertilizer Research, 1992; 33: 1-34.

Hou S L. Intellectualization is the trend for developing of agricultural mechanization. Modern Agricultural Equipments, 2005; 8: 76. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Ahmad S I, Bode L E, Butler B J. A variable-rate pesticide spraying system. Transactions of the ASAE, 1981; 24(3):

-598.

Shi Y, Fu Z T, Qi L J, Wang D C, Liang A B. Pressure-based stepless variable spray nozzle equipment. China Patent: CN2629828, 2004-08-04.

Zhang N Q, Wang M H, Wang N. Precision agriculture—a worldwide overview. Computer and Electronics in Agriculture, 2002; 36(2-3): 113-132.

ASAE Standards. 40th Ed S386 2D EC 92 calibration and distribution pattern testing of agricultural aerial application equipment St Joseph, M ich: ASAE, 1993.

National Committee on Mechanical Industry Standards in China. General method of testing equipments for plant protection JB/T 9782-1999.

Qi L J, Fu Z T. Experimental study on spray deposition uniformity. Transactions of the CSAE, 1999; 15(2): 107-111. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Deng W, Ding W M. Variable-rate continuous spray equipment based on PWM technology and its spray characteristics. Transactions of the CSAM, 2008; 39(6): 77-80. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Deng W, Ding W M, He X Q. Spray characteristics of PWM-based intermittent pulse variable spray. Transactions of the CSAM, 2009; 40(1): 74-78. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Deng W. Spray image processing and atomization characteristic study of variable-rate spray based on pulse-width modulation (PWM). PhD Dissertation, Nanjing Agricultural University, 2007.

Deng W, He X K, Ding W M. Characteristics and comparison of pressure-based variable spray. Journal of Jiangsu University: Natural Science Edition, 2009; 30(6): 545-548, 563. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Wang Z A, Huang J. Power Electronics. Beijing: China Machine Press, , 2000; pp. 156.




Copyright (c)



2023-2026 Copyright IJABE Editing and Publishing Office