Vibration harvesting process of olive trees based on response surface methodology and rigid-flexible coupling simulation

Authors

  • Kehua Dang 1. College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
  • Zijie Niu 1. College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
  • Haotian Mu 1. College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
  • Weike Lan 1. College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
  • Xu Zhang 1. College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
  • Di Xin 1. College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
  • Jun Zhang 1. College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
  • Yongjie Cui 1. College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China 2. Key Labouratory of Agricultural Internet of Things, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25165/ijabe.v18i3.8792

Keywords:

olive, three open-center shape, vibration harvesting, modal analysis, rigid-flexible coupling simulation, acceleration response

Abstract

A trunk-vibrating screen is widely used in olive harvesting machinery. Because of the irregularity of fruit recovery efficiency, the recovery efficiency fluctuates greatly. Vibration harvesting parameters are important factors affecting the percentage of olive harvest. Therefore, the study of vibration picking parameters is of great significance for olive harvest. Vibration parameters, governed by tree morphological parameters, strongly influence the efficiency of vibration harvesting. In this study, a combination of response surface simulation and harvesting experiments was used to investigate the relationship between morphological and vibration harvesting parameters in “three open-center shape” olive trees. First, force analysis and experimental measurements were performed on the olive fruit, and the Box-Behnken design was used to obtain the vibration parameters through finite element simulation and to establish the response surface model of the parameters (main trunk diameter, main trunk height, main branch angles A and B) and the vibration parameters (vibration frequency and vibration force) of the “three open-center-shape” olive trees. In addition, the mapping relationship between tree shape parameters and vibration parameters was obtained. The results show that the 90% quantile of the acceleration of abscission of olives is 1113.35 m/s2; the average correlation coefficient between the simulation and the experiment results was 0.73, and the simulation was a good representation of the experimental results. When the tree shape was “three open-center”, the trunk diameter and height were related to the vibration harvesting parameters; the average harvesting efficiency of olives was 91.22%, and the resonance frequency of the monitoring points was similar to that of the simulation results. This study provides a reference for the design of vibration harvesting equipment and fruit tree shaping. Keywords: olive, three open-center shape, vibration harvesting, modal analysis, rigid-flexible coupling simulation, acceleration response DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20251803.8792 Citation: Dang K H, Niu Z J, Mu H T, Lan W K, Zhang X, Xin D, et al. Vibration harvesting process of olive trees based on response surface methodology and rigid-flexible coupling simulation. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2025; 18(3): 25–36.

References

Romero C, Garcia A, Medina E, Ruiz-Mendez M V, de Castro A, Brenes M. Triterpenic acids in table olives. Food Chemistry, 2010; 118（3）: 670-674.

Wang C, Chen Q, Luo J, Bai X, Wang Y, Kong L. Development and Industrial Prospect of China’s Olive. Biomass Chemical Engineering, 2013; 47（2）: 41-46.

FAOSTAT, 2023. Available: http://www.fao.org/faostat. Accessed on [2024-01-05].

Bentaher H, Haddar M, Fakhfakh T, Maalej A. Finite elements modeling of olive tree mechanical harvesting using different shakers. Trees, 2013; 27（6）: 1537-1545.

Zhang Z, Lu Y. Development, evaluation and improvement of apple infield grading and sorting systems. In: Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Igathinathane C, Wang Y, Ampatzidis Y, Liu G. （Eds） Mechanical Harvest of Fresh Market Apples. Smart Agriculture, Springer, Singapore, 2022; 1: 71-87.

Lu Y, Zhang Z, Lu R. Development and preliminary evaluation of a new apple harvest assist and in-field sorting machine. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 2022; 38（1）: 23-35.

Liu X L, Zhang Z, Igathinathane C, Flores P, Zhang M, Li H, et al. Infield corn kernel detection using image processing, machine learning, and deep learning methodologies under natural lighting. Expert Systems with Applications, 2024; 238（E）: 122278.

Yu J F, Zhang Z, Mhamed M, Yuan D D, Wang X F. Apple’s in-field grading and sorting technology: A review. Towards Unmanned Apple Orchard Production Cycle, 2023; 6: 81-104.

Yi T J, Mhamed M. Developments in automated harvesting equipment for the apple in the orchard: Review. Smart Agricultural Technology, 2024; 9: 100491.

Zhang Z, Pothula A K. Improvements and evaluation of an in-field bin filler for apple bruising and distribution. Transactions of the ASABE, 2019; 62（2）: 271-280.

Rui Z, Zhang Z, Chen T. A review of field plant phenotyping platform, sensing and navigation technology. Transforming Technologies in Smart Agriculture, 2024; 8: 1-46.

Rui Z, Zhang Z, Zhang M, Azizi A, Igathinathane C, Cen H, et al. High-throughput proximal ground crop phenotyping systems - A comprehensive review. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2024; 224: 109108.

Hoshyarmanesh H, Dastgerdi H R, Ghodsi M, Khandan R, Zareinia K. Numerical and experimental vibration analysis of olive tree for optimal Optimal mechanized harvesting efficiency and productivity. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2017; 132: 34-48.

Zhang Z, Igathinathane C, Li J, Cen H, Lu Y, Flores P. Technology progress in mechanical harvest of fresh market apples. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2020; 175: 105606.

Mahamed M, Zhang Z, Yu J F, Li Y F, Zhang M. Advances in apple’s automated orchard equipment: A comprehensive research. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2024; 221: 108926.

Yu J F, Zhang Z, Liu X H, Chen K F, Li Y X, Igathinathane C, et al. Automatic maize seeding machine watering spray angle determination by using a novel index. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2024; 224: 109234.

Alzoheiry A, Ghonimy M, Abd El Rahman E, Abdelwahab O, Hassan A. Improving olive mechanical harvesting using appropriate natural frequency. Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 2020; 51（3）: 148-154.

Castro-Garcia S, Castillo-Ruiz F J, Jimenez-Jimenez F, Gil-Ribes J A, Blanco-Roldan G L. Suitability of Spanish ‘Manzanilla’ table olive orchards for trunk shaker harvesting. Biosystems Engineering, 2015; 129: 388-395.

Sola-Guirado R R, Bernardi B, Castro-Garcia S, Blanco-Roldan G L, Benalia S, Fazari A, Brescia A, Zhnbalatti G. Assessment of aerial and underground vibration transmission in mechanically trunk shaken olive trees. Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 2018; 49（3）: 191-197.

Sola-Guirado R R, Castro-Garcia S, Blanco-Roldan G L, Jimenez-Jimenez F, Castillo-Ruiz F J, Gil-Ribes J A. Traditional olive tree response to oil olive harvesting technologies. Biosystems Engineering, 2014; 118: 186-193.

Aragon-Rodriguez F, Dias A B, Pinheiro A, Peça J, Días I L, Castro-Garcia S. Assessment of a side-row continuous canopy shaking harvester and its adaptability to the portuguese cobrançosa variety in high-density olive orchards. Sensors, 2023; 23（3）: 1740.

Castillo-Ruiz F J, Sola-Guirado R R, Castro-Garcia S, Gonzalez-Sanchez E J, Colmenero-Martinez J T, Blanco-Roldan G L. Pruning systems to adapt traditional olive orchards to new integral harvesters. Scientia Horticulturae, 2017; 220: 122-129.

Castro-Garcia S, Aragon-Rodriguez F, Sola-Guirado R R, Serrano A J, Soria-Olivas E, Gil-Ribes J A. Vibration monitoring of the mechanical harvesting of citrus to improve fruit detachment efficiency. Sensors, 2019; 19（8）: 1760.

Yang H, San Y, Chen Y, Wang X, Niu C, Hou S. Influence of different vibration characteristic parameters on vibration response of apricot trees. Transactions of the CSAE, 2019; 35（2）: 10-16.

Aragon-Rodriguez F, Castro-Garcia S, Sola-Guirado R R, Gil-Ribes J A. Fruit abscission pattern of ‘Valencia’ orange with canopy shaker system. Scientia Horticulturae, 2019; 246: 916-920.

Liu T H, Ehsani R, Toudeshki A, Abbas M, Zou X J. Shaking functionality evaluation of four different types of citrus canopy-shaker tines. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 2018; 34（5）: 809-817.

Ortiz C, Torregrosa A, Castro-Garcia S. Comparison of a lightweight experimental shaker and an orchard tractor mounted trunk shaker for fresh market citrus harvesting. Agriculture, 2021; 11（11）: 1092.

Leone A, Romaniello R, Tamborrino A, Catalano P, Peri G. Identification of vibration frequency, acceleration, and duration for efficient olive harvesting using a trunk shaker. Transactions of the ASABE, 2015; 58（1）: 19-26.

Fu L, Peng J, Nan Q, He D, Yang Y, Cui Y. Simulation of vibration harvesting mechanism for sea buckthorn. Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food, 2016; 9（1）: 101-108.

Du X, Chen K, Ma Z, Wu C, Zhang G. Design, construction, and evaluation of a three-dimensional vibratory harvester for tree fruit. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 2020; 36（2）: 221-231.

Wei J, Yang G Y, Yan H, Jing B B, Yu Y. Rigid-flexible coupling simulation and experimental vibration analysis of pistachio tree for optimal mechanized harvesting efficiency. Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 2021; 28（22）: 2360-2369.

Du X, Shen T, Chen K, Zhang G, Yao X, Chen J, Cao Y. Simulation study and field experiments on the optimal canopy shaking action for harvesting Camellia oleifera fruits. Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 2022; 53（3）: 1245.

Chen Q, Zhang S, Hu G, Zhou J, Zhao J, Chen Y, et al. Parameter optimization of the harvest method in the standardized hedge cultivation mode of Lycium barbarum using response surface methodology. Horticulturae, 2022; 8（4）: 308.

Tombesi S, Poni S, Palliotti A, Farinelli D. Mechanical vibration transmission and harvesting effectiveness is affected by the presence of branch suckers in olive trees. Biosystems Engineering, 2017; 158: 1-9.

Castro-Garcia S, Aragon-Rodriguez F, Arias-Calderon R, Sola-Guirado R R, Gil-Ribes J A. The contribution of fruit and leaves to the dynamic response of secondary branches of orange trees. Biosystems Engineering, 2020; 193: 149-156.

Xing H, Ma S, Liu M, Wang M, Wei Y, Hu J, et al. Evaluation of shake-and-catch methods on harvesting of tall spindle apples. Transactions of the ASABE, 2020; 63（4）: 857-863.

Afsah-Hejri L, Homayouni T, Toudeshki A, Ehsani R, Ferguson L, Castro-García S. Mechanical harvesting of selected temperate and tropical fruit and nut trees. Horticultural Reviews, 2021; 49: 171-242.

Xu N, Du X, Liu E, Li D, Du J, Wu C. Analysis of the hickory tree motion under the excitation of eccentric-type vibratory mechanism. In: 2017 ASABE Annual International Meeting, 2017; doi: 10.13031/aim.201700772.

Chen D, Du X, Wang S, Zhang Q. Mechanism of vibratory fruit harvest and review of current advance. Transactions of the CSAE, 2011; 27（8）: 195-200.

San Y, Yang H, Wang X, Guo W, Hou S. Dynamic response analysis of apricot fruit dropping during vibration harvesting. Transactions of the CSAE, 2018; 34（18）: 68-75.

Wu D, Zhao E, Jiang S, Ding D, Liu Y, Liu L. Optimization analysis and test of canopy vibration parameters of camellia fruit based on double pendulum model. Transactions of the CSAM, 2021; 52（12）: 96-104.

Araújo e Silva Ferraz G, da Silva F M, de Carvalho Alves M, de Lima Bueno R, da Costa P A N. Geostatistical analysis of fruit yield and detachment force in coffee. Precision Agriculture, 2012; 13（1）: 76-89.

Niu Z J, Xu Z, Deng J T, Zhang J, Pan S J, Mu H T. Optimal vibration parameters for olive harvesting from finite element analysis and vibration tests. Biosystems Engineering, 2022; 215: 228-238.

Peng J, Xie H Q, Feng Y L, Fu L S, Sun S P, Cui Y J. Simulation study of vibratory harvesting of Chinese winter jujube （Zizyphus jujuba Mill cv. Dongzao）. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2017; 143: 57-65.

Chen Y, Zhao J, Hu G R, Chen J. Design and testing of a pneumatic oscillating Chinese wolfberry harvester. Horticulturae, 2021; 7（8）: 214.

Vu V D, Ngo Q H, Nguyen T T, Nguyen H C, Nguyen Q T, Nguyen V D. Multi-objective optimisation of cutting force and cutting power in chopping agricultural residues. Biosystems Engineering, 2020; 191: 107-115.

Sola-Guirado R R, Aragon-Rodriguez F, Castro-Garcia S, Gil-Ribes J. The vibration behaviour of hedgerow olive trees in response to mechanical harvesting with straddle harvester. Biosystems Engineering, 2019; 184: 81-89.

Tang X, Ren J, Liu C, Xiao D. Simulation of vibration harvesting mechanism for wolfberry. In: ASABE Annual International Meeting, 2011. doi: 10.13031/2013.37391.

Mucchielli P, Bhowmik B, Hazra B, Pakrashi V. Higher-order stabilized perturbation for recursive eigen-decomposition estimation. Journal of Vibration and Acoustics-Transactions of the ASME, 2020; 142（6）. doi: 10.1115/1.4047302

Savary S K J U, Ehsani R, Schueller J K, Rajaraman B P. Simulation study of citrus tree canopy motion during harvesting using a canopy shaker. Transactions of the ASABE, 2010; 53（5）: 1373-1381.

Downloads

Published

2025-06-30

How to Cite

Dang, K., Niu, Z., Mu, H., Lan, W., Zhang, X., Xin, D., … Cui, Y. (2025). Vibration harvesting process of olive trees based on response surface methodology and rigid-flexible coupling simulation. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 18(3), 25–36. https://doi.org/10.25165/ijabe.v18i3.8792

Issue

Vol. 18 No. 3 (2025): IJABE

Section

Applied Science, Engineering and Technology

License

IJABE is an international peer reviewed open access journal, adopting Creative Commons Copyright Notices as follows.


Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:


  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.

  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.

  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).